生(sheng)活中的很多行(xing)業的發展與水(shui)下作(zuo)業都(dou)是離(li)不開的，有(you)時候一(yi)些行(xing)業所在的領域都(dou)有(you)自己的品(pin)牌， 特地給(gei)大家介紹一(yi)下江蘇錦富能源工(gong)程有(you)限公司
幾類水下作業工(gong)具分析比較(jiao)－江蘇錦富能源工(gong)程有限公司
水(shui)下(xia)作(zuo)業常用的機械工具有帶鋸、 鏈鋸、 砂輪機、 鉆孔器(qi)、 沖(chong)擊扳(ban)手、 沖(chong)擊鉆、 清洗刷、 鋼(gang)纜切割器(qi)等。驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)工具的動(dong)(dong)力源有手動(dong)(dong)、 電動(dong)(dong)、 氣動(dong)(dong)及液壓等。
初潛(qian)水(shui)(shui)員是(shi)借用(yong)陸用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)下(xia)(xia)作(zuo)業(ye)，屬勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密集(ji)型潛(qian)水(shui)(shui)作(zuo)業(ye)，完(wan)全依靠(kao)潛(qian)水(shui)(shui)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體能和(he)經驗，潛(qian)水(shui)(shui)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體力(li)消(xiao)耗(hao)大(da)，在(zai)水(shui)(shui)下(xia)(xia)持(chi)續作(zuo)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間短，受制(zhi)約的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因素多(duo)，因而作(zuo)業(ye)效率低(di)， 施(shi)(shi)工(gong)周(zhou)期(qi)長， 作(zuo)業(ye)深度和(he)范圍受到很(hen)大(da)限制(zhi)， 而且危險(xian)性大(da)。為了減(jian)輕潛(qian)水(shui)(shui)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)強度、 提高(gao)作(zuo)業(ye)效率、 縮短施(shi)(shi)工(gong)周(zhou)期(qi)( 這(zhe)在(zai)搶險(xian)救生作(zuo)業(ye)中極其(qi)重(zhong)要(yao)) ，人們在(zai)陸用(yong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上發展了水(shui)(shui)下(xia)(xia)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)， 包括電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)、 氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)、 液壓(ya)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)等， 這(zhe)些動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)不僅(jin)便于(yu)潛(qian)水(shui)(shui)員進(jin)行水(shui)(shui)下(xia)(xia)手持(chi)作(zuo)業(ye)， 更(geng)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)適于(yu)水(shui)(shui)下(xia)(xia)機(ji)械(xie)手和(he)機(ji)器人使用(yong)。電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)力(li)來驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，原動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)，， 目(mu)前(qian)有適于(yu)水(shui)(shui)下(xia)(xia)作(zuo)業(ye)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)半干式(shi)(shi)和(he)濕式(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)，可以(yi)在(zai)各種水(shui)(shui)深下(xia)(xia)運轉(zhuan)，但要(yao)求電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)對海(hai)水(shui)(shui)完(wan)全密封， 需(xu)要(yao)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)纜絕緣(yuan)系(xi)統、 開關(guan)、 插(cha)座及其(qi)他部分。為安全起見(jian)， 潛(qian)水(shui)(shui)員要(yao)有很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防電(dian)(dian)擊保護(hu)措施(shi)(shi)，且需(xu)要(yao)減(jian)速器降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)轉(zhuan)速。所以(yi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)比相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液壓(ya)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)重(zhong) 5～10 倍、 體積(ji)也大(da)好幾倍，在(zai)水(shui)(shui)下(xia)(xia)使用(yong)很(hen)不方便，其(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)可靠(kao)性差。 基于(yu)這(zhe)些原因，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)一般只在(zai)無法使用(yong)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)或液壓(ya)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)時(shi)用(yong)于(yu)完(wan)成(cheng)部分短時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)下(xia)(xia)作(zuo)業(ye)。
氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)用(yong)(yong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)來驅動(dong)(dong)，常(chang)采用(yong)(yong)開式(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)， 壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)功后直(zhi)接在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)下(xia)排放，因而噪聲大(da)，放出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)泡會(hui)影響(xiang)潛水(shui)(shui)員或操(cao)作(zuo)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)視覺，甚至會(hui)導致潛水(shui)(shui)員惡心和(he)嘔吐。 此(ci)外，海水(shui)(shui)進入氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)元件，會(hui)使(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可靠性和(he)壽(shou)(shou)命大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低(di)，因此(ci)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)頻(pin)繁(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維護;而且(qie)隨(sui)著潛水(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)加，平衡(heng)水(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)也隨(sui)著增(zeng)(zeng)加，耗氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)量劇(ju)增(zeng)(zeng)，能耗很大(da)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效率急劇(ju)降(jiang)低(di)， 設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)積、重量也急劇(ju)增(zeng)(zeng)加; 動(dong)(dong)力(li)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)需(xu)(xu)(xu)隨(sui)著作(zuo)業深(shen)(shen)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)進行(xing)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)整，以(yi)保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)業功率， 壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)控(kong)制(zhi)復雜。 在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)下(xia)動(dong)(dong)力(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)中，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)設備多(duo)是體(ti)(ti)積.因此(ci)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)一般僅在(zai)(zai)50m 水(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)以(yi)淺(qian)(qian)區域使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)以(yi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)能作(zuo)為(wei)動(dong)(dong)力(li)來驅動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，它與電動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)及(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)相比，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命長，性能可靠， 能均勻地調(diao)(diao)速，不(bu)需(xu)(xu)(xu)減速裝置具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)單位(wei)功率重量輕、 體(ti)(ti)積小(xiao)、 輸出(chu)功率大(da)、特性平穩等優點， 已廣泛應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)中、 淺(qian)(qian)深(shen)(shen)度作(zuo)業，并(bing)開始用(yong)(yong)于(yu)大(da)深(shen)(shen)度到(dao)極(ji)限深(shen)(shen)度作(zuo)業。 在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)下(xia)作(zuo)業中使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong) 多(duo)，水(shui)(shui)下(xia)機器人及(ji)機械手使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾乎全部是液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)動(dong)(dong)力(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)。 但傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)是以(yi)礦(kuang)物(wu)型液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)介質， 由于(yu)礦(kuang)物(wu)型液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油與海水(shui)(shui)不(bu)相容系(xi)(xi)統(tong)必須設計(ji)成(cheng)閉式(shi)循(xun)環系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，因而存(cun)在(zai)(zai)一些難以(yi)克服的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弊(bi)端。具(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)表現(xian)為(wei):
( 1) 液壓油和環境海水不可避(bi)免地會(hui)相互滲漏(lou)，不僅(jin)污染環境， 也加速系統元件(jian)的(de)損壞(huai)，
大大降低(di)工具可靠性與(yu)使用壽命。
( 2) 使用液壓(ya)油存(cun)在潛在的火災(zai)危險。
( 3) 因液壓(ya)油的(de)(de)粘(zhan)度大(da)，且其粘(zhan)溫、 粘(zhan)壓(ya)系(xi)數大(da)，隨著作(zuo)業深度、 范(fan)圍的(de)(de)擴大(da)， 系(xi)統進油管和(he)(he)回油管的(de)(de)沿程損(sun)失增大(da); 同時需平衡水深壓(ya)力(li)，使(shi)得油壓(ya)工具(ju)的(de)(de)效率(lv)大(da)大(da)降低。 另外，為保證有(you)效的(de)(de)驅動功(gong)率(lv)， 需隨著作(zuo)業深度的(de)(de)增加， 調整動力(li)源的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)壓(ya)力(li)，壓(ya)力(li)控制(zhi)不方便。 盡管可采用壓(ya)力(li)補償的(de)(de)方法解決后(hou)一(yi)問(wen)題，但設備的(de)(de)體(ti)積、 重量和(he)(he)復(fu)雜程度增加， 制(zhi)造和(he)(he)維護(hu)困難。
( 4) 在有海浪、 海流、 暗流或深水(shui)環境中作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)，連接在工具上的(de)進油(you)(you)管(guan)和回油(you)(you)管(guan)要受(shou)到(dao)很大的(de)作(zuo)用力作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)，水(shui)下作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)提(ti)高效率(lv)， 潛水(shui)員(yuan)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)時的(de)附加(jia)作(zuo)用力很大
( 5) 難以在水下更換(huan)作業工(gong)具或進行簡(jian)單的維修。鑒于上(shang)述原因 油(you)壓工(gong)具一般應用在中、 淺(qian)深度場(chang)合。
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